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Jama'at Khana
Jamatkhana (from (ペルシア語:جماعتخانه), literally "congregational place") is an amalgamation derived from the Arabic word ''jama‘a'' (gathering) and the Persian word ''khana'' (house, place). It is a term used by some Muslim communities around the world to denote a place of gathering. Among some communities of Muslims, the term is often used interchangeably with the Arabic word Musallah (a place of worship that has not been formally sanctified as a ''masjid'' 〔(Fiqh of Masjid & Musalla )〕 or is a place that is being temporarily used as a place of worship by a Muslim). The Nizārī Ismā'īlī community uses the term ''Jama'at Khana'' to denote their places of worship.
==The Jamatkhana as a place of gathering and worship==
While the ''masjid'' (literally: the place of a Muslim's ''sujood'' or prostration before God) or ''mosque'' (in English) is the term used by the Qur'an to denote the primary space of ''salaat'' (communal Muslim prayers), a range of spaces for Islamic communal purposes can be currently found throughout the Muslim world.〔Renard, John. ''Seven Doors to Islam: Spirituality and the Religious Life of Muslims''. University of California Press, 1996, pp. 168-175〕 Some are concentrated within particular geographic regions while others are in use by specific communities. Some of these include: ''husayniyas'' 〔Deeb, Lara. ''An Enchanted Modern: Gender and Public Piety in Shi‘i Lebanon''. Princeton University Press, 2006, p. P. 144.〕 (also known as ''ashurkhanas,''〔Pinault, David. ''The Shiites: Ritual and Popular Piety in a Muslim Community''. Palgrave Macmillan: 1992, p. 80.〕 ''imambaras,''〔Das, Neeta. ''Architecture of Lucknow: Imambaras and Karbalas''. B. R. Publishers 2008.〕''matams'',〔Fuller, Graham E. and Rend Rahim Francke. ''The Arab Shi‘a: The Forgotten Muslims''. Palgrave Macmillan: 2000, p. 122-123.〕 or ''tekiyas''〔Aghaie, Kamran Scot. ''The Martyrs of Karbala: Shi‘i Symbols and Rituals in Modern Iran''. University of Washington Press, 2004.〕) used by Ithna ‘Ashari Shi‘i communities; 'khanaqas,''〔Peters, Francis E. The Monotheists: Jews, Christians and Muslims in Conflict and Competition – Vol. 2 – The Words and Will of God.'' Princeton University Press: 2003, p. 278-279.〕 ''ribats,''〔Bonner, Michael David. ''Jihad in Islamic History: Doctrines and Practice''. Princeton University Press, 2008., p. 136.〕 ''tekkes'' 〔Norris, H. T. I''slam in the Balkans: Religion and Society Between Europe and the Arab World''. University of South Carolina Press: 1993.〕 and ''zawiyas'' 〔Mojuetan, Benson Akutse.'' History and Underdevelopment in Morocco: The Structural Roots of Conjunture''. Lit Verlag: 1995, p. 41.〕 used by mystically-oriented Muslim communities commonly referred to as Sufis; the ''cemevi'' 〔Sökefeld, Martin.'' The Alevi Movement in Germany and in Transnational Space''. Berghahn Books: 2008, pp. 144-177.〕 of the Turkish Alevis; and the ''majlis'' and ''khalwas'' of the Druze.〔Abu-Izzeddin, Nejla M. ''The Druzes: A New Study of their History, Faith and Society.'' E. J. Brill: 1993.〕 For Nizārī Ismā'īlīs, the primary space of religious and social gathering is the ''jamatkhana''. The term ''jamatkhana'' is also used to refer to spaces used by a number of other Muslim communities with bases in South Asia, such as the Chisti Sufi ''tariqa,''〔Mohamed, Malika. ''The Foundations of the Composite Culture in India.'' Aakar Books: 2007, p. 179.〕 and various branches of the Musta’li Ismaili community〔Roy, Shibani. ''The Dawoodi Bohras: An Anthropological Perspective''.B. R. Publishing: 1984, p. 77.〕 including the Dawoodi Bohras and Alevi Bohras.
The Chisti Sufi ''tariqa'' utilizes their ''jamatkhanas'' as a meeting space for conversation and counsel with the ''pir'' or teacher. The Shi‘i Bohra Ismaili communities use the term to designate their space for social gatherings and communal meals. It is customary amongst many Musta’li Ismaili communities in South Asia and their diasporas to have a ''jamatkhana'' in the same complexes as their ''masjids''. While the latter is the primary site for formal religious activities of the different branches of Bohra Ismailis – including the Da’udi, Sulaymani, and Alevi – the ''jamatkhana'' acts as a site for less formalized religious gatherings, weddings, feasts and other events aligned with special days. Among Sunni Muslims known as ''Memons'', the term ''jamatkhana'' is used to denote a space for cultural gatherings and special occasions.〔See for example the history of the Cutchi Memon Jamatkhana of Bombay at 〕 Spaces designated as ''jamatkhanas'' can also be seen in Mughal complexes, such as that of the Taj Mahal in Agra.
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